4/1/2024 0 Comments Dsm 5 asd severityConsequently, ASD identification is based on the affected child’s developmental history, and observations of behaviour and cognitive function 3 which must meet specific criteria agreed on by experts and delineated in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- DSM-5. 2 Although heritable, a specific identifiable ASD gene was not found, and there is no medical marker for its presence. 1 Its noted negative impacts span neurologic, biologic, adaptive, social, linguistic, and cognitive functions, all with a complex of symptoms and needs that change throughout the lifetime. It is enveloped in a heterogeneous etiology, and an underlying composite of disrupted developments, poor neural connectivity in interrelated systems, and varied phenotypes attributed to complex genetics where multiple genes interact with each other and the environment. The conclusion includes future directions and a take away message.Īutism, a spectrum disorder (ASD), is now recognized as a complex dynamic condition that appears early in childhood. Next follow the required criteria for accurate identification, and its difficulties attributed to comorbid conditions, gender differences, and socio-economic and cultural influences. Here, ASD prevalence is presented first, followed by emphasis on importance of accurate early diagnosis, and challenges in its accomplishment due to flaws in diagnostic instruments and other contributing factors. In addition, a call for change is advised to circumvent the ethical dilemma posed by the present “deficit model” in ASD diagnosis. ![]() ![]() The review reiterates the urgency in accurate diagnosis in face of the rapid rise in ASD prevalence globally, and risk-increase in delayed or denied treatment with undesirable life-long consequences for most of the affected children. ASD is a disorder with varying performance and severity of symptoms over time, including unexpected loss of early skills, and lost diagnosis in some children following treatment. Accurate identification is challenging as ASD is often enmeshed with other neurodevelopmental disorders, and medical comorbidities, a situation now recognized as the rule rather than the exception in child psychiatry and developmental medicine. ![]() Language and intellectual capacities do not form ASD core symptoms although vary considerably. ASD, a complex dynamic biological-neurodevelopmental disorder, is underscored by its heterogeneous symptomology, severity, and phenotypes – all characterized by social communication deficits and presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviours (RRBs), the core symptoms in ASD. Included are studies showing alternate views of the issues so as to point readers to other possibilities. Accordingly, articles that best answer our questions and highlight our concerns were chosen from well-established publishers with prime peer reviewed journals. This comprehensive thematic review aims to highlight and familiarize readers with the challenges and pitfalls encountered in differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children to facilitate the process of accurate identification by stakeholders.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |